Veterynarna biotehnologija – Veterinary biotechnology, 2018, 32(1), 483-492 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.31073/vet_biotech32(1)-65
PRISKOKA V.A., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., SVIDERSKIY V.S., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., MARUSHCHAK L.V., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., SKOVPEN' V.M., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., DATSENKO R.A., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., SKOROKHOD S.V., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., MOROZ O.A., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., HARKAVENKO V.M., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
State Scientific and Research Institute of Laboratory Diagnostics and Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise
AFRICAN SWINE FEVER IN UKRAINE - FIVE YEARS OF FIGHTING
Introduction. African swine fever (ASF) has a special place among infectious diseases. Since 2007, the ASF virus has been the second invasion of Europe. Analysis of the genome of isolates of the ASF virus showed its belonging to the ІІ genotype. The analysis of previous epizootics of this disease shows that after the introduction of the virus on the territory of the country, the fight against it becomes protracted.
The goal of the work. To carry out the analysis and reveal regularities in the evolution of the epizootic of African swine fever in Ukraine, and suggest measures to control the disease.
Materials and methods of research. Information was searched using OIE report, the Rosselkhoznadzor Information and Analytical Center, ProMED, the results of epizootic and virology investigations conducted by the spesialist of the SSRILDVSE.
Results of research and discussion. In the article to conducted analysis of epizootic process of ASF during 2012–2017. We studied evolution of epizootic process of ASF in Ukraine. It was revealed that new foci not was arise within 17 months after initial skidding of the virus in 2012 on the territory of Ukraine (Zaporozhe region) and the elimination of the outbreak. A new stage of the evolution of epizootic process of ASF started in 2014, when infected wild boars massively migrated from existing endemic territories of the Russian Federation on the territory of Ukraine. It is shown discreteness currents of epizootic with the distribution at few temporary cycles. These cycles are interrupted at intervals, during which the disease did not register. In its turn, cycles structurally composed of separate outbreaks of different amounts. Delineated period the initial stage of epizootic process is when there is a considerable interval between cycles epizootic. The disease spread to domestic pigs. New paths and factors of transmission of the pathogen to attach the transmission of the virus (transport connections, the sale of infected pigs and their products production, and food scraps that were not inactivated, etc.). With such a combination of transmission, sensitive animals the intervals between the cycles of disease and individual outbreaks diminished. In addition, there was a tendency to an increase in the cycle, in line with the stage of evolution of the epizootic. Observation for evolution of epizootic process of ASF in the wild and domestic pigs allowed distributing the foci of infection in the stationary and mobile. It makes use of different approaches to the planning and implementation of veterinary, sanitary, and preventive measures. Stationary foci of infection occur when the pigs get sick in the household with restricted area, when pigs have direct contact and constantly are at the same place (the piggery, the courtyard, the fold, etc.). In stationary foci, possibly, to stop the disease by effectively conduct veterinary-sanitary measures (liquidation of sick and suspected in disease of pigs, disinfection). Moving foci of infection occur when the infected pigs constantly (or once) moved over long distances. The territory, which infected moving foci of disease difficult to neutralize from pathogen through the means that exist. Using the results obtained, the authors have proposed measures for the control of ASF, which are based on a break of element of epizootic chain, leading to domestic pigs.
Conclusions and prospects for further research. 1. Epizooty of ASF in Ukraine are under of evolution stage. 2. Combined virus transfer system (wild boar, transport links, sale of infected animals and non-disinfected products for their processing) creates conditions for prolongation of the time epizooty cycle and creating the tension of the epizootic process. 3. Distribution of foci of infection to stationary and mobile has practical importance in the planning and conduct of veterinary-sanitary and preventive measures. 4. Measures, used in the fight of ASF, could not restrain the evolution of epizootic, and therefore need of improvement. 5. In view of the circulation of the ASF virus among wild boar populations, it is necessary to create farms with high bio-protection for domestic pigs, as well as exclude the transfer factors from the epizootic process.
Keywords: African swine fever, domestic pigs, epizootic process, focus of endemic disease, wild boars.
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