Bulletin "Veterinary biotechnology"

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Veterynarna biotehnologija – Veterinary biotechnology, 2022, 40, 70-81 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.31073/vet_biotech40-07

LIULIN P.1, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., BOGACH M.2, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., NIKIFOROVA O.1, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., MAZANNYІ O.1,3, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., FEDOROVA H.1, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., PRYKHODKO YU.1,3, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

1State Biotechnological University

2NSC "Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine"

3Institute of Veterinary Medicine NAAS

BIODIVERSITY AND INTERACTION OF PATHOGENS OF PARASITOFAUNA OF DOMESTIC AND WILD CARNIVORES UNDER CONDITIONS OF URBANIZED AND NATURAL ECOSYSTEMS OF EASTERN REGION OF UKRAINE 

 

Introduction. Increasing the population of homeless domestic dogs and wild foxes, their migration, including cross-border expansion, can change the epizootic and epidemiological situation, lead to parasitic pollution and the emergence of new foci of natural-foci and zoonotic diseases.

The goal of the work – to study the species biodiversity, similarity and interaction of pathogens of carnivorous parasitofauna (homeless domestic dogs and wild common foxes) of urban and natural ecosystems of the Eastern region of Ukraine.

Materials and methods. Monitoring studies of parasitofauna of wild common foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and homeless domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) were conducted during 2016–2021. Wild common foxes (n=137) were examined coproscopically during life and were examine posthumously (n=27) by helminthological dissection from Kharkiv region. 152 homeless domestic dogs from Kharkiv City were coproscopically examined.

Results of research and discussion. Evidence indicates that the total infestation in some populations of wild common foxes reached EI – 86.84-100%, in homeless domestic dogs – 61.9%. In the parasitofauna of wild common foxes and homeless domestic dogs, we have identified pathogens of endoparasitosis, which can cause obligate-transmissible natural-focal diseases transmitted from animal to animal or human by blood-sucking arthropods, in particular, Babesia sp., Dirofilaria immitis and D. repens. Among foxes, the most common were trematodes – Alaria alata – 26.61%, which circulation occur by aquatic organisms and reservoir hosts – rodents, wild carnivores, including wild boars. In the parasitofauna of the studied carnivores, the circulation of cestodes occurs both in natural biocenoses and among homeless domestic dogs, with the participation of intermediate hosts: fleas – Dipylidium caninum; rabbits, hares – Taenia pisiformis, domestic and wild herbivorous and omnivorous animals – Taenia hydatigena – the share of the latter in the parasitofauna of dogs and foxes was 0.38-1.06%.

Conclusions and prospects for further research. Parasitofauna of homeless domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) of urban ecosystems includes 15 species of pathogens of the protozoa –4 species, helminths, in particular, cestodes – 3 species, nematodes – 8 species. Parasitofauna of wild common foxes (Vulpes vulpes) natural ecosystems of the Eastern region of Ukraine includes 20 species of endoparasitic pathogens, including 5 species of protozoa and 15 species of helminths, of which 2 species of trematodes, 3 species of cestodes and 10 species of nematodes. Pathogens of transmissible natural-foci invasions such as Babesia sp., Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens have been identified in parasitocenoses. The common pathogens of invasions in the parasitofauna of domestic dogs and wild foxes are 12 species of pathogens. Jacquard and Sørensen parasitofauna similarity coefficients were 0.52 and 0.69, respectively.

In the future, it is necessary to continue the study of parasitofauna of domestic and wild animals in order to study the peculiarities of the epizootology of parasitic diseases among animals of urban and natural ecosystems.

Keywords:parasitofauna, biodiversity, dogs, foxes, ecosystems, coefficient of similarity.

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