Veterynarna biotekhnolohiia– Veterinary biotechnology, 2023, 42, 43-48 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.31073/vet_biotech42-05
ZAKHAROVA O., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., TARASOV O., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., YANGOL YU. A., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the NAAS
STUDY OF THE SPECIES COMPOSITION OF FUNGI OF THE GENUS FUSARIUM IN SAMPLES OF CORN GRAIN IN UKRAINE
Introduction. The risk assessment of mycotoxicosis depends not only on the biological properties of pathogens, but also on the persistence of toxins and their decomposition period in the environment and grain products.
Certain climatic changes observed in recent years due to global warming contribute to the development of microscopic fungi of various taxonomic groups, including the genus Fusarium. Since the prevention of mycotoxicosis is important for veterinary and human medicine, the study of the species composition of mycotoxin-producing fungi is an important measure to optimize approaches preventing feed contamination.
The goal of the study was to investigate the species composition of microscopic fungi of the genus Fusarium in corn grain obtained from different regions of Ukraine.
Materials and methods.For the research, 98 samples of corn grain from different regions of Ukraine (Kyiv, Vinnytsia, Odesa, Kherson) were used to determine mycotoxin content in feed.
The study of cultural properties was carried out using generally accepted microbiological methods with cultivation on Chapek and Sabouraud media, which were prepared according to the manufacturer’s guidelines (HiMedia, India).
Species identification of selected isolates was carried out by microscopic, cultural, biochemical properties using generally accepted methods. Toxin production was detected by ELISA test using RIDASCREEN FAST Zearalenon (R1401) and RIDASCREEN FAST T-2 Toxin (R5302) and RIDASCREEN®FAST DON SC (R5905) test kits (R-Biopharm-AG, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s guidelines using BioRad reader at λ=450 nm.
The results of experimental studies are processed by conventional methods of statistics.
Results of research and discussion. According to the results of the study, the following species of fungi of the genus Fusarium were detected and identified in the examined samples of corn grain: F. avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. langsethiae, F. sporotrichioides, F. tricinctum, F. sporotrichioides.
Among the identified species, F. graminearum was the most common. This species affected from 25.0 to 39.0% of the samples obtained from different regions of Ukraine belonging to different ecological and climatic regions.
As a result of the study of corn grain samples from Kyiv region, the predominant amount of F. graminearum was 32.0%, F. moniliforme –23.0%, F. avenaceum – 19.0% and F. sporotrichioides – 15% of all isolates. In the samples from Vinnytsia region, the presence of F. graminearum was 37.0%, F. moniliforme – 23.0%, F. avenaceum –20.0%. In the samples from Kharkiv region, isolates of F. graminearum were detected in 39.0% of samples, F. moniliforme – 31.0%, F. sporotrichioides – 20.0%. The investigated grain samples from Odesa region were contaminated with F. graminearum – 25.0%, F. moniliforme – 20.0%, F. avenaceum – 18.0% and F. sporotrichioides – 15.0%.
As a result of the experiments, 17 isolates of Fusarium fungi capable of producing mycotoxins were isolated: DON, zearalenone and T-2 toxin.
Conclusions and prospects for further research. As a result of the study of corn grain samples we established the species composition of fungi of the genus Fusarium and identified 7 species, among which F. graminearum 33.25 ± 3.1%, F. moniliforme –24.25 ± 2.46%, F. avenaceum –15.00 ± 3.16%, F. sporotrichioides –15.00 ± 1.58% prevailed.
It was found that the number of DON-producing isolates was the largest and accounted 52.94% of the identified toxin-producing isolates, T-2 toxin producers rate was 23.53%, and Zearalenone producers – 17.65% of the total number of all toxin-producing isolates.
The data obtained will be used to create guidelines for the prevention of mycotoxicosis in animals.
Keywords: Fusarium, microscopic fungi, toxigenecity, corn feed, contamination.
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