Bulletin "Veterinary biotechnology"

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Veterynarna biotekhnolohiia– Veterinary biotechnology, 2023, 42, 56-66 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.31073/vet_biotech42-07

KOSHEVOY V.I., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., NAUMENKO S.V., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

State Biotechnological University

 

ASSESSMENT OF THE REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY OF METAL NANOPARTICLES AS COMPONENTS OF NANOBIOTECHNOLOGIES PROSPECTIVE FOR ANIMAL REPRODUCTION (REVIEW)

Introduction. Since the beginning of the 21st century, there has been an active stage of the introduction of nanomaterials into biomedical research. The main condition for the possibility of using means in the reproduction of animals for therapeutic or preventive purposes is a systematic assessment of their toxicological parameters, especially reproductive toxicity. Despite the large number of toxicological studies of metal nanoparticles on various models, there is little systematic data on their reproductive toxicity.

The purpose of the work was to carry out a comprehensive analysis and generalization of data from literary sources regarding the reproductive toxicity of metal nanoparticles as components of nanobiotechnologies promising for animal reproduction.

Research materials and methods. The research used the methods of search, processing, analysis of specialized scientific literature from the Pubmed database, relating to the main parameters of reproductive toxicity of NP metals, especially the sexual function of males, and summarizing their data.

Research results and their discussion. Exposure to metal NPs causes bioaccumulation and toxic effects in the reproductive system, which confirms the potential risk for animals and human health and the environment. NPs can pass through hematotestinal, placental, and epithelial barriers that protect reproductive tissues and then accumulate in reproductive organs. These effects are related to composition, modification, concentration, agglomeration and route of administration. Note that the impact of NPs can be multidirectional, and some of them are effectively used to neutralize the toxic effects of others.

Conclusions and prospects for further research. Most metal and their oxides NPs have reproductive toxicity (RT), which limits the possibility of their use in animals (Ag-NPs; Ni-NPs; IO-NPs; ZnO-NPs; CeO2-NPs; TiO2-NPs). The main manifestations of RT are the impact on the germinal and endocrine function of the gonads, which in males is determined by a decrease in sperm quality parameters, morphological abnormalities and a decrease in sperm viability, histopathological changes in the testicles, and a low level of testosterone. A large number of studied NPs (Au-NPs; Pt-NPs; CaO-NPs; CuO-NPs; MoО3-NPs; Al2О3-NPs) today have no proven effect on the sexual function of animals, and some NPs (ZnO-NPs) due to antioxidant properties are used to neutralize the toxic effect of other NPs. The perspective of further research is the experimental substantiation of parameters of reproductive toxicity of metal NPs to assess the possibility of their use in nanobiotechnologies of animal reproduction.

Keywords: nanomaterials, toxicity, reproduction, gonads, sperm, sex hormones, nanobiotechnology.

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