Bulletin "Veterinary biotechnology"

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Veterynarna biotekhnolohiia – Veterinary biotechnology, 2023, 43, 92-105 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.31073/vet_biotech43-10

MEZHENSKYI A.A., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., MEZHENSKA N.A, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the NAAS

 

COURSE, SYMPTOMS AND PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN RABBIT HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE CAUSED BY VIRUSES OF TYPE ONE (GI.1) AND TWO (GI.2)

Introduction. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) is a highly contagious and highly fatal systemic infection in rabbits caused by rabbit hemorrhagic disease viruses of type one (RHDV(GI.1)) and two (RHDV2(GI.2)). RHDV2 (GI.2) was first registered in Ukraine in 2017-2018. Studies on the course, symptoms and pathomorphological changes of RHDV2(GI.2) in Ukraine have not been conducted.

Goal of the work. To investigate and compare the course, symptoms and pathomorphological changes of RHD caused by RHDV(GI.1) and RHDV2(GI.2).

Materials and methods. The research was conducted in 2021-2022 in 28 rabbit breeding farms in 10 regions of Ukraine, where RHD outbreaks were registered. The study employed epizootiological, clinical, pathomorphological, molecular genetic (RT-PCR), immunochromatographic and statistical methods.

Results and discussion. The course of RHD in 80.0-90.0% of rabbits infected with RHDV(GI.1) and in 50.0-60.0% of rabbits infected with RHDV2(GI.2) was fulminant. Acute RHD lasted 12-24 hours, observed in 10.0-15.0% of rabbits infected with RHDV(GI.1), and in 10.0-20.0% with RHDV2(GI.2). Subacute RHD observed in 5.0% of rabbits infected with RHDV(GI.1), whereas with RHDV2(GI.2) it was registered in 20.0-40.0% of animals and lasted 3-7 days. No chronic RHD was registered. Regardless of the virus causing it (RHDV(GI.1) or RHDV2(GI.2)), similar specific symptoms were observed in 80.0% of rabbit carcasses for each course of the disease.

Pathomorphological investigations did not reveal typical differences in the pathomorphological picture of dead rabbits due to infection with RHDV(GI.1) and RHDV2(GI.2). Both virus strains induce similar pathomorphological changes found in no less than 80.0% of rabbit carcasses that died from RHD.

Conclusions and future research. Infection with RHDV(GI.1) predominantly results in a fulminant course (80.0-90.0%), while acute (10.0-15.0%) and subacute (5.0%) courses are less common. Infection with RHDV2(GI.2) leads to a slightly less frequent fulminant course (50.0-60.0%), but the relative proportion of acute (10.0-20.0%) and subacute (20.0-40.0%) courses increases. Clinical signs and pathomorphological changes caused by RHDV(GI.1) and RHDV2(GI.2) do not show significant or credible differences.

Keywords: rabbits, infectious diseases of rabbits, rabbit hemorrhagic disease, course, symptoms, pathological changes.

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