Bulletin "Veterinary biotechnology"

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Veterynarna biotekhnolohiia – Veterinary biotechnology, 2023, 43, 186-193 [in Ukrainian]. https://doi.org/10.31073/vet_biotech43-18

YANGOL Y., e-mail This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., TARASOV O., e-mail This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the NAAS

 

STUDYING THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE ACCUMULATION OF FUMONISIN B1 PRODUCED BY F. MONILIFORME IN MAIZE GRAIN

Introduction. Ensuring the quality of grain products is an important area of food safety for animals and the public, as the growth and development of toxin-producing fungal species in grain causes the accumulation of toxins that lead to severe mycotoxicosis in animals and poisoning in humans. The importance of the problem is due to the difficulty of determining the risks because of climate change that has been occurring over the past decade. Since the issue of mycotoxicosis prevention is important for veterinary and human medicine, the study of the accumulation of mycotoxins produced by fungi of the genus Fusarium is an important measure to prevent grain contamination with mycotoxins during storage.

The goal of the study was to determine the optimal conditions for the accumulation of mycotoxins produced by the fungus F. moniliforme Sheldon No. 3 in corn grain.

Materials and methods.The museum toxin-producing strain of Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon No. 3, stored in the collection of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the NAAS, and samples of corn grain free from fungi obtained from one of the farms in the Kyiv region were used for the study.

The isolation of microscopic fungi and confirmation of the species was carried out using conventional microbiological methods using Chapek and Sabouraud nutrient media, which were prepared according to the manufacturer’s recommendations (HiMedia, India).

The presence and concentration of mycotoxins in grain samples were determined by ELISA using R5602 RIDASCREEN®FAST Fumonisin test systems (R-Biopharm-AG, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions on the BioRad enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reader (λ = 450 nm) and by thin-layer chromatography according to a standard protocol.

The experiment was carried out for 70 days at 15°C, 25°C, 32°C, and the indicators (fumonisin content, colony growth, and grain weight loss) were taken into account on 1, 14, 28, 42, 56, and 70 days from the beginning of the experiment.

The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the percentage of variation due to the studied factors.

Results of research and discussion. The results of the study revealed and identified changes characteristic of the fungi of the genus Fuzarium, while at all tested temperatures, the accumulation of fumonisin B1, visual growth of fungal colonies and loss of grain weight were observed. According to the results of the research, it was found that the highest accumulation of fumonisin B1 was observed at a temperature of 25°C and reached a value of 2660.80±20.0 μg/g after 28 days, with a further increase in content to 3877.00±20.51 μg/g of grain on day 70 (observation period).

The accumulation of fumonisin B1 content was characterized by a direct correlation with the observation time after 14 (r=0.992, p<0.001), 42 (r=0.784, p=0.001), 56 (r=0.74, p=0.002) and 70 (r=0.706, p=0.003) days. The growth rate of colonies was in direct correlation with the time of cultivation, with the highest statistical significance recorded on the 28th (r=0.951, p<0.001) and 42nd (r=0.822, p<0.001) day of the experiment. According to our calculations, the loss of grain weight over time was unreliable.

Conclusions and prospects for further research. According to the results of the study, it was found that the highest accumulation of fumonisin B1 was observed at 25°C and reached a value of 2660.80±20.0 μg/g after 28 days, with a further increase in content to 3877.00±20.51 μg/g of grain on day 70 (observation period).

The accumulation of fumonisin B1 content was characterized by a direct correlation with the observation time after 14 (r=0.992, p<0.001), 42 (r=0.784, p=0.001), 56 (r=0.74, p=0.002) and 70 (r=0.706, p=0.003) days. The growth rate of colonies was in direct correlation with the observation time, with the highest statistical significance recorded on the 28th (r=0.951, p<0.001) and 42nd (r=0.822, p<0.001) day of the experiment. According to our calculations, the loss of grain weight over time was unreliable.

The data obtained will be used to create guidelines for the prevention of Fusarium toxicosis in animals.

Keywords: Fusarium, microscopic fungi, toxigenecity, corn feed, contamination.

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