Bulletin "Veterinary biotechnology"

  • Print

Cite: Mezhenskyi A.A., Mezhenska N.A., Кrytsia Y.P., Mezhenskyi A.О., & Nychyk S.A. (2024). Rezultaty pasyvnoho epizootolohichnoho monitorynhu poshyrennia hemorahichnoi khvoroby kroliv (RHDV (GI.1) ta RHDV2 (GI.2)) v Ukraini U 2023 rotsi [Results of passive epizootological monitoring of the spread of rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHDV (GI.1) and RHDV2 (GI.2)) in Ukraine in 2023]. Veterynarna biotekhnolohiia – Veterinary biotechnology, 44, 70-86. https://doi.org/10.31073/vet_biotech44-06 [in Ukrainian].

 

MEZHENSKYI A.A., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., MEZHENSKA N.A., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., КRYTSIA Y.P., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., MEZHENSKYI A.О., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., NYCHYK S.A., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the NAAS

 

RESULTS OF PASSIVE EPIZOOTOLOGICAL MONITORING OF THE SPREAD OF RABBIT HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE (RHDV (GI.1) AND RHDV2 (GI.2)) IN UKRAINE IN 2023

   Introduction. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD), caused by viruses of the first (RHDV (GI.1)) and second (RHDV2 (GI.2)) types, is registered annually in rabbit breeding farms in Ukraine. RHDV2 (GI.2) was first registered in Ukraine in 2017, but systematic monitoring studies to determine the spread of both types of viruses have not been carried out and are relevant.

   The goal of the work. To conduct passive epizootological monitoring of RHD caused by RHDV (GI.1) and RHDV2 (GI.2) in Ukraine and study the relative indicators of the manifestation of the epizootic process in 2023.

   Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 2023 on the basis of 28 rabbit farms located in 12 regions of Ukraine, in which outbreaks of RHD were recorded, and in the laboratory (BSL-2+) of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences. Epizootological, clinical, pathomorphological, molecular genetic (RT-PCR-RT), immunochromatographic and statistical research methods were used.

   Results of research and discussion. The epizootic process of RHD in Ukraine in 2023 manifested itself in the form of epizootic outbreaks, which were more often recorded in the central and western regions of Ukraine under the influence of viruses of both types. At the same time, the indicator of disadvantage in Ukraine for RHD caused by RHDV2 (GI.2) in 2023 was 36.0% and was 12.0% higher than the indicator of disadvantage caused by RHDV (GI.1).

   Of the 25 farms where RHD was recorded, the causative agent in 8 farms (32.0%) was RHDV (GI.1) and in 17 farms (68.0%) it was RHDV2 (GI.2).

   In 2023, RHDV (GI.1) determined the following relative indicators of the epizootic process manifestation: morbidity – 48.6%, mortality – 44.4%, case fatality rate (CFR) – 91.3%. In farms where the disease was caused by RHDV2 (GI.2), the morbidity rate was 59.9% that by 11.3% higher, the mortality rate, on the contrary, was 2.3% lower and amounted to 42.1%, and the CFR was lower by 19.4% and amounted to 71.9%.

   Conclusions and prospects for further research. RHD in 2023 was widespread in almost half of the regions of Ukraine – the indicator of disadvantage in the country was 48.0%. The results of passive epidemiological monitoring indicate a gradual replacement of the RHDV (GI.1) strain, which dominated in Ukraine in recent years, with the RHDV2 (GI.2) strain. Also, in the last three years, there has been a gradual increase in the virulence and pathogenicity of RHDV2 (GI.2), which is confirmed by a stable trend of increasing relative rates of morbidity, mortality and CFR.

Keywords: rabbits, rabbit hemorrhagic disease, passive epizootological monitoring, morbidity, mortality, CFR.

REFERENCES

  1. Statystychnyi zbirnyk «Tvarynnytstvo Ukrainy»: 2021 [Statistical yearbook “Livestock in Ukraine”: 2021]. https://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/druk/publicat/kat_u/2022/zb/05/zb_tv_2021.pdf.
  2. Bublyk, O. (2023, July 31). Torik v Ukraini zroslo poholivia kroliv u promyslovomu sehmenti [Last year in Ukraine the number of rabbits in the industrial segment increased]. Agro Times. https://agrotimes.ua/tvarinnitstvo/torik-v-ukrayini-zroslo-pogolivya-kroliv-u-promyslovomu-segmenti/ [in Ukrainian].
  3. Duda, Yu.V., Aleksieieva, N.V. & Koreiba, L.V. (2022). Poshyrennia infektsiinykh ta invaziinykh khvorob u kroliv v umovakh pryvatnykh hospodarstv Dnipropetrovskoi oblasti [Spread of infectious and invasive diseases in rabbits in private farms of Dnipropetrovsk region].Proceedings from«Current aspects of animal biology, veterinary medicine and veterinary and sanitary expertise»: VII Mizhnarodna naukovo-praktychna konferentsiia vykladachiv i zdobuvachiv vyshchoi osvity (16-17 chervnia 2022 r.) – VІІ International Scientific and Practical Conference of Teachers and Students of Higher education. Dnipro, 62-63 [in Ukrainian].
  4. Lukefahr, S.D., McNitt, J.I., Cheeke, P.R. & Patton, N.M. (2022). Rabbit production. 10th Edition. CABI, 153-156.
  5. Mezhenskyi, A.A., Mezhenska, N.A., Кrytsia, Y.P., Tarasov, O.A., Mezhenskyi, A.О. & Nychyk S.A. (2022). Normatyvno-pravove i materialno-tekhnichne zabezpechennia laboratornoi diahnostyky hemorahichnoi khvoroby kroliv v Ukraini ta vidpovidnist yoho suchasnym mizhnarodnym vymoham [Regulatory-legal and material-technical provision of laboratory diagnostics of hemorrhagic disease of rabbits in Ukraine and its compliance with current international requirements]. Veterynarna biotekhnolohiia– Veterinary biotechnology, Vol. 41, 55-68 [in Ukrainian].
  6. Liu, S.J., Xue, H.P., Pu, B.Q., Qian, N.H., Xu, W.Y. & Du, N.X. (1984). A New Viral Disease in Rabbits (in Chinese). Animal Husb. Vet. Med., 16, 253-255.
  7. Marcato, P.S., Benazzi, C., Vecchi, G., Galeotti, M., Salda, L.D., Sarli, G. & Lucidi, P. (1991). Clinical and pathological features of viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits and the European brown hare syndrome. Rev. Sci. Tech., 10, 371-392.
  8. Abrantes, J., van der Loo, W., Le Pendu, J. & Esteves, P.J. (2012). Rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) and rabbit haemorhhagic disease virus (RHDV): A review. Vet. Res. 43, 12.
  9. Cancellotti, F.M. & Renzi, M. (1991). Epidemiology and current situation of viral haemorrhagic disease of rabbits and the European brown hare syndrome in Italy. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz., 10, 409-422.
  10. Mutze, G., Kovaliski, J., Butler, K., Capucci, L. & McPhee, S. (2010). The effect of rabbit population control programmes on the impact of rabbit haemorrhagic disease in south-eastern Australia. J. Appl. Ecol., 47, 1137-1146.
  11. Le Gall, G., Arnauld, C., Boilletot, E., Morisse, J.P. & Rasschaert, D. (1998). Molecular epidemiology of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus outbreaks in France during 1988 to 1995. J. Gen. Virol., 79, 11-16.
  12. Le Gall-Reculé, G., Zwingelstein, F., Laurent, S., de Boisséson, C., Portejoie, Y. & Rasschaert, D. (2003). Phylogenetic analysis of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in France between 1993 and 2000, and the characterisation of RHDV antigenic variants. Arch. Virol., 148, 65-81.
  13. Kerr, P.J., Kitchen, A. & Holmes, E.C. (2009). Origin and phylodynamics of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. J. Virol., 83, 12129-12138.
  14. Kinnear, M. & Linde, C.C. (2010). Capsid gene divergence in rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus. J. Gen. Virol., 91, 174-181.
  15. Strive, T., Wright, J.D. & Robinson, A.J. (2009). Identification and partial characterisation of a new lagovirus in Australian wild rabbits. Virology, 384, 97–105.
  16. Bergin, I.L., Wise, A.G., Bolin, S.R., Mullaney, T.P., Kiupel, M. & Maes, R.K. (2009). Novel calicivirus identified in rabbits, Michigan, USA. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 15, 1955-1962.
  17. Abrantes, J. & Esteves, P.J. (2010). Not-so-novel Michigan rabbit calicivirus. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 16, 1331-1332.
  18. Le Gall-Reculé, G., Zwingelstein, F., Fages, M.-P., Bertagnoli, S., Gelfi, J., Aubineau, J., Roobrouck, A., Botti, G., Lavazza, A. & Marchandeau, S. (2011). Characterisation of a non-pathogenic and non-protective infectious rabbit lagovirus related to RHDV. Virology, 410, 395-402.
  19. Le Gall, G., Huguet, S., Vende, P., Vautherot, J.-F. & Rasschaert, D. (1996). European brown hare syndrome virus: molecular cloning and sequencing of the genome. J. Gen. Virol., 77, 1693-1697.
  20. Le Gall-Reculé, G., Zwingelstein, F., Boucher, S., Le Normand, B., Plassiart, G., Portejoie, Y., Decors, A., Bertagnoli, S., Guérin, J.L. & Marchandeau, S. (2011). Detection of a new variant of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus in France. Vet. Rec., 168, 137-138.
  21. Dalton, K.P., Nicieza, I., Balseiro, A., Muguerza, M.A., Rosell, J.M., Casais, R., Álvarez, Á.L. & Parra, F. (2012). Variant rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus in young rabbits, Spain. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 18, 2009-2012.
  22. Abrantes, J., Lopes, A.M., Dalton, K.P., Melo, P., Correia, J.J., Ramada, M., Alves, P.C., Parra, F. & Esteves, P.J. (2013). New variant of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, Portugal, 2012–2013. Emerg. Infect. Dis., 19, 1900-1902.
  23. Le Gall-Reculé, G., Lavazza, A., Marchandeau, S., Bertagnoli, S., Zwingelstein, F., Cavadini, P., Martinelli, N., Lombardi, G., Guerin, J.-L. & Lemaitre, E., et al. (2013). Emergence of a new lagovirus related to Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus. Vet. Res., 44, 81.
  24. Westcott, D., Frossard, J.-P., Everest, D., Dastjerdi, A., Duff, J.P., Steinbach, F. & Choudhury, B. (2014). Incursion of RHDV2-like variant in Great Britain. Vet. Rec., 174, 333.
  25. Baily, J.L., Dagleish, M.P., Graham, M., Maley, M. & Rocchi, M.S. (2014). RHDV variant 2 presence detected in Scotland. Vet. Rec., 174, 411.
  26. Le Pendu, J., Abrantes, J., Bertagnoli, S., Guitton, J-S., Le Gall-Reculé, G., Lopes, A.M., Marchandeau, S., Alda, F., Almeida, T., Célio, A.P., Bárcena, J., Burmakina, G., Blanco, E., Calvete, C., Cavadini, P., Cooke, B., Dalton, K., Delibes Mateos, M., Deptuła, W., Eden, J.S., Wang, F., Ferreira, C.C., Ferreira, P., Foronda, P., Gonçalves, D., Gavier-Widén, D., Hall, R., Hukowska-Szematowicz, B., Kerr, P., Kovaliski, J., Lavazza, A., Mahar, J., Malogolovkin, A., Marques, R.M., Marques, S., Martin-Alonso, A., Monterroso, P., Moreno, S., Mutze, G., Neimanis, A., Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej, P., Peacock, D., Parra, F., Rocchi, M., Rouco, C., Ruvoën-Clouet, N., Silva, E., Silvério, D., Strive, T., Thompson, G., Tokarz-Deptuła, B. & Esteves, P. (2017). Proposal for a unified classification system and nomenclature of lagoviruses. J. Gen. Virol., 98, 1658-1666.
  27. Muzykina, L.M., Sydorenko, T.V., Molozhanova, A.V., Stetsenko, N.Iu., Fedko, O.I., Oboznenko, N.I., Tarasov, O.A. & Nychyk, S.A. (2021). Vyvchennia epidemichnoi sytuatsii shchodo virusnoi hemorahichnoi khvoroby kroliv v Ukraini [Study of the epidemic situation regarding viral hemorrhagic disease of rabbits in Ukraine]. Proceedings from «Modern epidemic challenges in the concept of «One Health»: ІІІ shchorichna Mizhnarodna naukovo-praktychna konferentsiia (18-19 travnia 2021 r.) –ІІІ Annual International Scientific and Practical Conference. Ternopil, 25 [in Ukrainian].
  28. Korniyenko, L.Ye., Dombrovsʹkyy, O.B., Ponomar, S.I. & Antipov, A.A. (2003). Infektsiyni ta invaziyni khvoroby kroliv [Infectious and invasive diseases of rabbits]. Bila Tserkva [in Ukrainian].
  29. Korniienko, L.Ye., Hlavatskyi, V.P., Yarchuk, B.M., Korniienko, L.M., Mandyhra, M.S., Dombrovskyi, O.B. & Tyrsin, R.V. (2001). Virusna hemorahichna khvoroba krolykiv [Viral hemorrhagic disease of rabbits. Bila Tserkva [in Ukrainian].
  30. Dalton, K.P., Nicieza, I., Abrantes, J., Esteves, P.J. & Parra, F. (2014). Spread of new variant RHDV in domestic rabbits on the Iberian Peninsula. Vet. Microbiol., 21, 169, 67-73.
  31. Lopes, A.M., Correia, J., Abrantes, J., Melo, P., Ramada, M., Magalhães, M.J., Alves, P.C. & Esteves, P.J. (2015). Is the new variant RHDV replacing genogroup 1 in Portuguese wild rabbit populations? Viruses, 7, 27-36.
  32. Camarda, A., Pugliese, N., Cavadini, P., Circella, E., Capucci, L., Caroli, A., Legretto, M., Mallia, E. & Lavazza, A. (2014). Detection of the new emerging rabbit haemorrhagic disease type 2 virus (RHDV2) in Sicily from rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and Italian hare (Lepus corsicanus). Res. Vet. Sci., 97, 642-645.
  33. Hu, B., Wei, H., Fan, Z., Song, Y., Chen, M., Qiu, R., Zhu, W., Xu, W., Xue, J. & Wang, F. (2021). Emergence of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus 2 in China in 2020. Vet. Med. Sci., 7, 236-239.
  34. Thrusfield, M. (2007). Veterinary epidemiology, 3rd Edition, Wiley-Blackwell Science Ltd., Oxford. 624 p.
  35. Dohoo, R., Martin, W. & Stryhn, H. (2010). Veterinary epidemiologic research. 2nd ed: Prince Edward Island, Canada: VER Inc. 865 p.
  36. Pfeiffer, D.U. (2013). Veterinary Epidemiology: An Introduction. Wiley-Blackwell Science Ltd. 152 p.
  37. Korniienko, L.Ie., Karpulenko, M.S., Mezhens'ka, N.A., Ruzhyns'ka, I.L., Moroz, O.A., Skorokhod, S.V., Datsenko, R.A., Skovpen, V.M. & Harkavenko, T.O. (2019). Metodyka epizootychnoho rozsliduvannia vypadku infektsiinoho zakhvoriuvannia: metodychni rekomendatsii [Methodology of epizootic investigation of an infectious disease case: guidelines]. Kyiv: DNDILDVSE [in Ukrainian].
  38. Levchenko, V.I., Vlizlo, V.V., Kondrakhin, I.P. et al. (2017). Klinichna diahnostyka khvorob tvaryn [Clinical diagnosis of animal diseases]. Bila Tserkva [in Ukrainian].
  39. Zahrebelnyi, V.O., Lozhkina, O.V., Mezhenska, N.A., Skrypka, M.V. & Sorokova V.V. (2011). Metodychni vkazivky shchodo provedennia patolohoanatomichnoho roztynu trupiv tvaryn [Guidelines for conducting a patho-anatomical autopsy of animal corpses]. Kyiv: DNDILDVSE [in Ukrainian].
  40. Pishchanskyi, O.V., Harkavenko, T.O., Mezhenskyi, A.O. et al. (2019). Metodychni rekomendatsii z orhanizatsii ta vidboru prob dlia diahnostychnykh doslidzhen na infektsiini khvoroby tvaryn ta ptytsi [Methodological recommendations for the organization and selection of samples for diagnostic studies on infectious diseases of animals and poultry]. Kyiv: DNDILDVSE [in Ukrainian].
  41. Кrytsia, Y.P., Tarasov, О.А., Mezhenskyi A.A. et al. (2022). Zastosuvannia polimeraznoi lantsiuhovoi reaktsii v rezhymi realnoho chasu dlia detektsii RNK virusu hemorahichnoi khvoroby kroliv: metodychni rekomendatsii [Application of real-time polymerase chain reaction for the detection of rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus RNA: guidelines]. Kyiv: ІVМ NААS [in Ukrainian].
  42. Holovko, A.N., Ushkalov, V.A., Skrypnyk, V.H., V.H., Stehnyi, B.T. et al. (2007). Mikrobiologicheskie i virusologicheskie metody issledovanija v veterinarnoj medicine. Spravochnoe posobie [Microbiological and virological research methods in veterinary medicine. Reference Guide].  Kharkov «NTMT» [in Ukrainian].
  43. Yarchuk, B.M., Verbytskyi, P.I., Lytvyn, V.P., Korniienko, L.Ie., Dombrovskyi, O.B., Tyrsin, R.V. & Korniienko, L.M. (2002). Zahalnaepizootolohiia [Generalepizootology]. Bila Tserkva [in Ukrainian].
  44. Nedosiekov, V.V, Polishchuk, V.V., Melnyk, V.V., Homzykov, O.M. & Martyniuk, O.H. (2015). Metodyka epizootolohichnoho obstezhennia hospodarstv ta vyvchennia epizootychnoi sytuatsii [Methods of epizootological examination of farms and study of the epizootic situation]. Kyiv, NUBiP Ukrainy [in Ukrainian].
  45. Mezhenskyi, A.A., Mezhenska N.A. & Кrytsia, Y.P. (2023). Pokaznyky proiavu epizootychnoho protsesu za hemorahichnoi khvoroby kroliv (RHDV (GI.1) ta RHDV2 (GI.2)) v Ukraini u 2021-2022 rokakh [Indicators of the manifestation of the epizootic process of rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHDV (GI.1) and RHDV2 (GI.2)) in Ukraine in 2021-2022]. Veterynarnabiotekhnolohiia– Veterinarybiotechnology, Vol. 42, 67-80 [in Ukrainian].
  46. Mezhenskyi, A.A., Mezhenska, N.A., Кrytsia, Y.P., Mezhenskyi, A.О. & Nychyk S.A. (2023). Epizootolohichni osoblyvosti hemorahichnoi khvoroby kroliv, vyklykanoi virusamy pershoho (GI.1) ta druhoho (GI.2) typiv v Ukraini u 2021-2022 rokakh [Epizootological features of rabbit hemorrhagic disease caused by viruses of the first (GI.1) and second (GI.2) types in Ukraine in 2021-2022.]. Visnyk ahrarnoi nauky – Herald of Agrarian Science, 5(842), 42-49 [in Ukrainian].

 Download full text in PDF