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Cite: Borovkov S.B., Rula O.M., Usova L.P.  Pokaznyky imunitetu u konei pry vaktsynatsii ta vplyv ozhyrinnia na yikh formuvannia [The Immunity Indicators in Horses During Vaccination and the Impact of Obesity on Their Formation] Veterynarna biotekhnolohiia – Veterinary biotechnology, 46, 7-25. https://doi.org/10.31073/vet_biotech46-01 [in Ukrainian].

 

Borovkov S.B. 1, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.,

RulaO. M. 2, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Usova L.P. 2, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

1 Institute of Veterinary Medicine, NAAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

2 National Scientific Center "Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine", Kharkiv, Ukraine

 

THE IMMUNITY INDICATORS IN HORSES DURING VACCINATION AND THE IMPACT OF OBESITY ON THEIR FORMATION

Introduction. Horses, like all animals, rely on their immune systems to fight off infections and maintain overall health. Vaccination is one of the most effective methods for enhancing the immune response and protecting animals from infectious diseases. However, obesity is a growing concern in horses, and there is limited understanding of its effect on the immune system, especially in the context of vaccination. Obesity can lead to chronic inflammation and may alter the immune response. This research aims to investigate the immune indicators in horses during vaccination and evaluate the impact of obesity on their immune system's ability to form a robust response.

The goal of the work. The primary goal of this study is to examine the effects of obesity on the formation of immune responses in horses during vaccination. Specifically, it aims to measure immune indicators such as antibody titers and immune cell activity in vaccinated horses with varying body conditions. The study seeks to identify any significant differences in immune responses between horses with healthy body weight and those with obesity, contributing to a better understanding of how body condition influences the immune system's response to vaccination.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted with 40 adult horses, divided into two groups: one group of horses with a healthy body condition and the other with obesity. All horses were vaccinated with the same standard vaccination protocol. Blood samples were collected from each horse before and after vaccination. These samples were analyzed for various immune indicators, including antibody titers, cytokine levels, and immune cell populations. Data were also collected regarding the body weight and condition score of each horse, which were used to categorize the animals into the respective groups. Statistical analysis was performed to compare the immune responses between the two groups and assess the impact of obesity.

Results of research and discussion. The results of this study showed that horses with obesity had significantly lower antibody titers and altered cytokine profiles compared to those with a healthy body condition. Obesity was associated with an impaired immune response, which was particularly noticeable in the production of antibodies following vaccination. Furthermore, immune cell activity in obese horses was reduced, suggesting that excess body fat might inhibit the proper functioning of the immune system. These findings support the hypothesis that obesity negatively affects immune function in horses and may reduce the effectiveness of vaccination.

Conclusions and prospects for further research. In conclusion, obesity in horses significantly impairs the immune response to vaccination. The findings emphasize the importance of managing body weight to ensure optimal immune function in horses. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms through which obesity affects the immune system, including the role of chronic inflammation and the impact of different types of fat. Additionally, investigating the long-term effects of obesity on vaccination outcomes and overall health could provide valuable insights for veterinary care and management practices.

Conclusions and prospects for further research. The results of the study indicate the high efficacy of the inactivated equine influenza vaccine, which is confirmed by 100% seropositivity of animals 21-30 days after vaccination, increased levels of globulins and circulating immune complexes. This indicates the formation of a stable and long-lasting immune response, which is an important condition for controlling the epizootic process.

However, according to the literature, there are certain peculiarities in the formation of immunity in obese horses. Excessive body weight can affect metabolic processes and immune function, which potentially reduces the effectiveness of vaccination. It has been found that such animals demonstrate reduced production of certain anti-inflammatory cytokines, altered expression of immune response genes, and a weaker humoral response to vaccine administration. This can lead to less effective protection of the population in the event of an outbreak.

In this regard, a promising area for further research is a comparative assessment of the immune response to vaccination in clinically healthy and obese horses, the study of markers of systemic inflammation and metabolic changes that affect the effectiveness of vaccination, the development of adapted vaccination regimens for animals with metabolic syndrome, and the consideration of physiological characteristics, such as obesity, in the planning of preventive measures will increase the effectiveness of immunization.

Keywords: Immune system, resistance to infections, metabolic processes, metabolism

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