Bulletin "Veterinary biotechnology"

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Cite: Katyukha S.M.  Vplyv obrobok velykoi rohatoi khudoby syntetychnymy piretroidamy na chyselnist komakh u mistsiakh yikh aktyvnosti. [Influence of treatment of cattle with synthetic pyrethroids on the number of insects in their activity areas]. Veterynarna biotekhnolohiia – Veterinary biotechnology, 46, 47-59. https://doi.org/10.31073/vet_biotech46-03 [in Ukrainian].

 

Katyukha S.M. e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Epizootology Research Station of the National Scientific Center "Institute of Experimental and Clinical Veterinary Medicine"

 

INFLUENCE OF TREATMENT OF CATTLE WITH SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS ON THE NUMBER OF INSECTS IN THEIR ACTIVITY AREAS

Introduction. Blood-sucking dipteran insects (mosquitoes, black flies, horse flies, and biting midges), commonly known as gnat, cause significant disturbance to farm animals during the summer grazing period, which negatively affects their health and productivity. Nowadays, treating the skin with insecticidal preparations to protect animals from gnat has become widespread. This provides comprehensive protection for animals due to the irritant-repellent effect of the insecticides used, as well as the death of insects upon contact with the treated hair, which is accompanied by a decrease in the total number of gnats on pastures.

The goal of the work was to investigate changes in the number of mosquitoes and midges in pastures and livestock facilities as a result of treatment of cattle with synthetic pyrethroids in recommended regimens and doses against gnats.

Materials and methods. The research was conducted on farms and pastures of the Private Agricultural Enterprise "Shpanivske" of the Rivne district of the Rivne region, the territory of which, according to natural and climatic conditions, belongs to the zone of West Polissya of Ukraine. The impact of cattle treatments with synthetic pyrethroids on mosquito populations was assessed by comparing their numbers in experimental and control pastures. In the morning, before being driven to pasture, these cows were treated with freshly prepared Ectosan solution on the farm, where they returned in the evening for milking and overnight stay, and after evening milking, with ready-to-use Cyflur working fluid. Keeping treated cows in the livestock building at night allowed us to study the effect of these animal treatments on the number of mosquitoes and blood-sucking biting midges in the building.

Results of research and discussion. The period of mass mosquito flight in the conditions of West Polissya of Ukraine ranged from 11 to 70 days depending on the season, but on average lasted 62 days or two months. The entomological effectiveness of the targeted extermination effect of animal treatments with Ectosan in 2020 was 40,6 %, and with Cyflur in 2021 – 50,8 %, in 2022 – 76,3 %, and in 2023 – 66,7 %. On average over 4 years, it was 58,6±6,4 %. That is, treatment of cows with pyrethroids allowed, in addition to direct protection of animals due to the irritant-repellent effect within one day after application, to reduce the total number of mosquitoes by 1,7–4,2 times or on average by 3 times compared to the control.

A study of the effect of a single treatment of cattle with the insecticide Cyflur to protect against gnats (mosquitoes and biting midges) in livestock facilities was conducted on a farm where treated cows were kept and in a calf barn where calves were not treated. As a result, a single treatment of animals with Cyflur led to a decrease in the number of both mosquitoes and biting midges. Thus, 7 days after treatment, the effectiveness was 92,3 and 90,7 %, respectively, after 14 days – 88,4 and 87,3 %, and after 21 days – 77,4 and 77,4 %. On average, during the protection period, the number of mosquitoes decreased by 86,0 % or 5,1 times, and the number of biting midges decreased by 84,1 % or 4,3 times.

Conclusions and prospects for further research:

1. The results of the conducted studies have proven that the treatment of cows with synthetic pyrethroids Ectosan and Cyflur in the recommended anti-mosquito regimens and doses allows, in addition to direct protection of animals, to reduce the total number of mosquitoes on pastures by three times.

2. The mosquito population in the pasture recovers to its original level within the first season, after the treated cows stop grazing.

3. The number of midges and mosquitoes decreased on average by 4 and 5 times, respectively, in premises where cows treated with the drug Cyflur were left overnight after evening milking, which may be due to both the mass death of insects due to contact with the skin of treated animals and their smaller number flying into the premises with animals returning from pasture.

4. In the future, the results will be used in the development of methodological recommendations for the protection of cattle from gnat.

Keywords: mosquitoes, biting midges, synthetic pyrethroids, cattle.

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