Bulletin "Veterinary biotechnology"

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Cite: Mezhenskyi A.A., Mezhenska N.A., Кrytsia Y.P., Tarasov O.А., Mezhenskyi A.О. Intensyvnist proiavu epizootychnoho protsesu ta poshyrenist hemorahichnoi khvoroby kroliv v ukraini u 2024 rotsi. [Intensity of epizootic process and spread of rabbit hemorrhagic disease in ukraine in 2024] Veterynarna biotekhnolohiia – Veterinary biotechnology, 46, 134-152. https://doi.org/10.31073/vet_biotech46-09 [in Ukrainian].

 

Mezhenskyi A.A., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Mezhenska N.A., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Кrytsia Y.P., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Tarasov O.А., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Mezhenskyi A.О. e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Institute of Veterinary Medicine, NAAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine

 

INTENSITY OF EPIZOOTIC PROCESS AND SPREAD OF RABBIT HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE IN UKRAINE IN 2024

Introduction. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease viruses of the first (RHDV (GI.1)) and second (RHDV2 (GI.2)) types annually cause outbreaks in rabbit farms in Ukraine. RHDV2 (GI.2) was registered in Ukraine for the first time in 2017, however, systematic monitoring studies to determine the spread of both types of viruses and the characteristics of the epizootic process under their action have not been conducted, and are relevant.

The goal of the work. To study the intensity of the epizootic process and the prevalence of HCD caused by viruses of the first (GI.1) and second (GI.2) types in Ukraine in 2024.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted in 2024 based on 39 rabbit farms in 14 regions of Ukraine, where RHD outbreaks were registered, and in the laboratory (BSL-2+) of the Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Epizootological, clinical, pathomorphological, molecular genetic (RT-PCR-RT, RT-LAMP), immunochromatographic, and statistical research methods were used.

Results of research and discussion. In 2024, the epizootic process of RHD in Ukraine manifested itself in the form of epizootic outbreaks registered in the central, western, and southern regions of Ukraine under the action of viruses of both types. At the same time, the indicator of unfavorable conditions in Ukraine for RHD caused by RHDV2 (GI.2) in 2024 was 40.0% and was 8.0% higher than the indicator of unfavorable conditions caused by RHDV (GI.1).

26 (66.7%) of the 39 registered outbreaks were caused by RHDV2 (GI.2) and only 13 (33.3%) by RHDV (GI.1). In 2024, RHDV (GI.1) caused the following relative indicators of the manifestation of the epizootic process: morbidity - 46.2%, mortality - 40.5%, lethality - 88.0%. In farms where the disease was caused by RHDV2 (GI.2), the morbidity of rabbits was 22.8% higher and amounted to 69.0%, while mortality was higher by 16.5% and amounted to 57.0%, and lethality, on the contrary, was lower by 6.0% and amounted to 82.0%.

Conclusions and prospects for further research. In 2024, the GCC was widespread in Ukraine - the unfavorable indicator under the action of RHDV (GI.1) and RHDV2 (GI.2) was 56.0%. In the western regions, the dominant strain is RHDV (GI.1), and in the central and southern regions - RHDV2 (GI.2). RHDV2 (GI.2) caused outbreaks 2 times more often than RHDV (GI.1), which indicates a gradual change in epizootic strains. Exceeding the average morbidity and mortality rates of rabbits under the action of RHDV2 (GI.2) and the approach of the lethality rate of the second genotype virus to the level of RHDV (GI.1) indicates a gradual increase in the virulence and pathogenicity of RHDV2 (GI.2).

Keywords: rabbits, rabbit hemorrhagic disease, passive epizootological monitoring, morbidity, mortality, lethality.

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