Bulletin "Veterinary biotechnology"

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Veterynarna biotehnologija – Veterinary biotechnology, 2016, 29, 13-28 [in Ukrainian].

ANTONIK I., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., KUCHERYAVENKO O., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., DYACHENKO A., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the NAAS

MODERN ASPECTS OF LEPTOSPIROSIS LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS (REVIEW)

Introduction. Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread natural focal zooantropological infections of wild, domestic animals and humans, which characterized by polymorphism of clinical manifestations. Is widespread in the world and remains up to date a topical epizootological, epidemiological, ecological challenge. The diagnostics of leptospirosis should be comprehensive but decisive importance has laboratory diagnostics. Thus, the only well-organized laboratory diagnostics enables timely diagnosis Leptospira infection, planing and take effective anti-epizootological and anti-epidemiological measures.

The goal of the work. To analyze curent data of literary sources, review of modern aspects of leptospirosis laboratory diagnosis.

Materials and methods. Meta-analysis was performed on the basis of published data on leptospirosis research, dissertation abstracts, scientific articles and monographs and electronic resources.

Results of research and discussion. Modern leptospirosis laboratory diagnosis is based on complex of microbiological, immunological and molecular biological methods. They are used in combinations depending on the phase of disease and diagnostic capabilities of laboratories

Conclusions and prospects for further research. The analysis of scientific literature showed a variety of developed classical and modern methods of leptospirosis laboratory diagnosis. Bacteriological analysis is complex, labor intensive and not always successful. Biological assay method is the most effective for the isolation of pure cultures, but technically it can be performed exclusively in laboratories with specialized facilities to work with animals. Method of microscopy in a dark field is relatively simple and gives the fastest result, but with a small number of bacteria in the samples or research material it is not informative. Serological methods for antibodies have retrospective character. They are use only possible in the second week of the disease. Molecular biological techniques, such as polymerase chain infection worked well in practice but the available highly sensitive test –kits have not been certified yet. For best results in the leptospirosis diagnosis there is need to improve laboratory techniques available today. Particular attention should be given to the introduction of new molecular genetic technology, which greatly simplifies laboratory diagnostics and enables to confirm the diagnosis timely in the first days of the disease, as well as expand the boundaries for further improvement of leptospirosis laboratory diagnosis.

Keyword: leptospirosis, leptospira, laboratory diagnostics, method.

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