Veterynarna biotehnologija – Veterinary biotechnology, 2018, 33, 71-78 [in Russian]. https://doi.org/10.31073/vet_biotech33-09
KRASOCHKO P.A., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., PRITYCHENKO A.V., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., PRITYCHENKO A.N., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine
HUDZ N.V., e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Institute of Veterinary Medicine of the NAAS
DIAGNOSTIC FEATURES OF FACTOR INFECTIONS IN YOUNG CATTLE
Introduction. Currently, with the intensification of animal husbandry, so-called factor diseases (FB) are especially dangerous. These are diseases, the development of which occurs in the presence of various unfavorable conditions and factors that lead to disruption of the physiological mechanisms of regulation, decrease of resistance, and opportunistic microorganisms effect as the final link of the disease. The fight against factor infections should be aimed at identifying real causes, risk factors and their radical elimination. In this connection, there is a need for a deeper study of the diseases of viral etiology in young cattle, conditions that affect their occurrence, pathogenesis and the development of effective methods for diagnosing these diseases.
The goal of the work. To carry out a comparative analysis of the etiology of factor diseases in young cattle, based on a comprehensive survey of a number of agricultural enterprises in the Republic of Belarus.
Materials and methods. The experimental part of the work was performed according to the classical techniques used in microbiology, immunochemistry, epizootology and immunology. The main diagnostic methods were serological passive hemagglutination test, hemagglutination inhibition test, ELISA, method of viruses isolation and cultivation, bacteriological.
Results of research and discussion. In the diagnostics of the factor infections in young cattle, the use of a serological test method in the immunofluorescence, hemagglutination inhibition test, and ELISA, as well as the method of isolating and culturing the virus on cell cultures with the evaluation of characteristic morphological changes (CPA) and its identification in the immunofluorescence, is recommended. During the research, parainfluenza-3 was diagnosed in cattle with the use of the hemagglutination inhibition test, which was confirmed with ELISA. For the eradication of factor infections, it should be taken into account that compliance with general requirements, such as ensuring the zoo-hygienic regime of keeping cattle (air exchange, humidity, temperature) and full-value feeding (balanced in terms of protein, minerals, vitamins) provided in accordance with the requirements. Treatment and prophylaxis measures play an important role within technological requirements, as well as the rules for manning and regrouping animals, including full disinfection. Equally important is the elimination or reduction of stress factors, high-quality vaccination, passive prevention, as well as pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy. However, the leading role is played by the specific prevention of parainfluenza-3 in cattle including passive immunization.
Conclusions and prospects for further research. Based on the obtained experimental results, the following conclusions can be follows: 1. For the rapid assessment of the epizootic situation in farms, the use of a direct version of the immunofluorescence, which is characterized by high diagnostic reliability, specificity and simplicity of performance, is recommended; 2. As an additional method of diagnosis of parainfluenza-3 and a number of other factor diseases in retrospect, the use of ELISA and hemagglutination inhibition test is also recomended; 3. Cultivation of the virus-containing material (washouts from the nasal cavities) allows to identify the parainfluenza-3 virus, and also to study the character of the CPА in the cell culture; 4. For the prevention of parainfluenza-3 in cattle, as a component of factor infections, as well as other viral respiratory diseases, the effective implementation of a set of measures, the key links of which are epizootological examination of the farm, diagnostics, therapy and preventive measures with an individual approach.
Keywords: factor diseases, diagnostics, parainfluenza-3, calves.
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